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Mental Deficiency Act 1913
The Mental Deficiency Act 1913 was an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which made provisions for the institutional treatment of people deemed to be "feeble-minded" and "moral defectives".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mental Health (History) Dictionary )〕 "It proposed an institutional separation so that mental defectives should be taken out of Poor Law institutions and prisons into newly established colonies."〔Anne Digby, "Contexts and perspectives" in 1-21〕
==Background==
The Idiots Act 1886 made the legal distinction between "idiots" and "imbeciles". It contained educational provisions for the needs of people deemed to be in these categories. In 1904 the Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Feeble-Minded was set up with the warrant "to consider the existing methods of dealing with idiots and epileptics, and with imbecile, feeble-minded, or defective persons not certified under the Lunacy Laws... to report as to the amendments in the law or other measures which should be adopted in the matter". The Commission returned a lengthy report in 1908 which estimated that of a population of 32,527,843 British inhabitants 149,628 people (0.46%) were considered "mentally defective". It recommended the establishment of a board of control which would oversee local authority efforts aimed at "the well-being of the mentally defective".〔British Medical Journal #2485, Aug. 15, 1908, pp. 415〕
Winston Churchill spoke of the need to introduce compulsory labour camps for "mental defectives" in the House of Commons in February 1911. In May 1912 a Private Members' Bill entitled the "Feeble-Minded Control Bill" was introduced in the House of Commons, which called for the implementation of the Royal Commission's conclusions. It rejected sterilisation of the "feeble-minded", but had provision for registration and segregation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Churchill and Eugenics )〕 One of the few voices raised against the bill was that of G.K. Chesterton who ridiculed the bill, calling it the "Feeble-Minded Bill, both for brevity and because the description is strictly accurate".〔''Eugenics and Other Evils'', 1923, Chapter 2.〕 The bill was withdrawn, but a government bill introduced on 10 June 1912 replaced it, which would become the Mental Deficiency Act 1913.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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